// THE FRAMEWORK
Five Interface Tracts
Every complex system has five fundamental types of interfaces. Understanding and managing these tracts is the key to building systems that work.
Data Tract
How information flows between components: protocols, formats, encoding schemes, timing requirements, and API contracts.
- +Bit-level: Resolution, endianness, sample rates
- +Protocols: I2C, SPI, UART, CAN, USB
- +Timing: Latency, jitter, synchronization
sensor.output:
resolution: 12-bit
format: unsigned
mcu.input:
resolution: 16-bit
format: signed
WARNING: Mismatch detected Energy Tract
Power delivery, voltage domains, thermal management, and electromagnetic compatibility.
Power Domains
Voltage levels, current limits, sequencing
Thermal
Heat dissipation, operating temps
EMI/EMC
Shielding, filtering, grounding
Battery
Power budgets, sleep modes
Material Tract
Physical interfaces: mechanical fits, material compatibility, chemical interactions.
Mechanical Fit
Tolerances, stack-ups, clearances
Compatibility
CTE mismatch, galvanic corrosion
Environmental
IP ratings, temp range, humidity
Chemical
Outgassing, biocompatibility
Logistics Tract
Assembly, routing, serviceability, and manufacturing constraints.
Assembly
Order of operations, fixtures
Cable Routing
Length limits, bend radius
Serviceability
Field replacement, diagnostics
Test Access
Debug ports, programming headers
Supply Chain Tract
Sourcing, vendor relationships, component lifecycle, and procurement constraints.
Lifecycle
EOL risk, second sources
Lead Times
Procurement windows, inventory
Vendors
Single-source risks, NDAs
Cost
BOM cost, MOQs, volume pricing
Apply the Framework to Your Project
Every interface problem has a solution. Let's find yours together.
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